O guia definitivo para batteries
O guia definitivo para batteries
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They are available in a variety of sizes, from very small button cells for hearing aids to the large batteries used in film cameras.
That represents the versatility of energy storage systems—better known as batteries—that scientists are developing today.
The power cell generates energy whenever the positive and negative terminals are connected to an electrical circuit. For example, the metal part in the flashlight case and the device is on.
Batteries and similar devices accept, store, and release electricity on demand. Batteries use chemistry, in the form of chemical potential, to store energy, just like many other everyday energy sources. For example, logs and oxygen both store energy in their chemical bonds until burning converts some of that chemical energy to heat. Gasoline and oxygen mixtures have stored chemical potential energy until it is converted to mechanical energy in a car engine. Similarly, for batteries to work, electricity must be converted into a chemical potential form before it can be readily stored. Batteries consist of two electrical terminals called the cathode and the anode, separated by a chemical material called an electrolyte. To accept and release energy, a battery is coupled to an external circuit.
There are only two features to consider when selecting a battery for your application which are performance and cost. But if we look a little deeper, there are a few more factors that go into choosing the right battery for your application.
At low temperatures, a battery cannot deliver as much power. As such, in cold climates, some car owners install battery warmers, which are small electric heating pads that keep the car battery warm.
Many types of batteries employ toxic materials such as lead, mercury, and cadmium as an electrode or electrolyte. When each battery reaches end of life it must be disposed of to prevent environmental damage.
It is a rechargeable battery used in everyday electronic devices such as smartphones, laptop computers, and portable power tools. In this type, the chemical reaction at the positive electrode is similar to that of a nickel-cadmium cell, with both using nickel акумулатори цена oxide hydroxide.
The sealed valve regulated lead–acid battery (VRLA battery) is popular in the automotive industry as a replacement for the lead–acid wet cell.
Zinc-air: Several technologies and configurations employ metallic zinc as the battery anode. Zinc-air batteries generate electricity when zinc is oxidized with oxygen from the air. They have a higher energy density than lithium-ion batteries, meaning that they can store more energy in a smaller space. The small batteries used in hearing aids today are typically zinc-air batteries, but they could also be used at larger scales for industrial applications or grid-scale energy storage.
Batteries that successfully traverse the esophagus are unlikely to lodge elsewhere. The likelihood that a disk battery will lodge in the esophagus is a function of the patient's age and battery size. Older children do not have problems with batteries smaller than 21–23 mm. Liquefaction necrosis may occur because sodium hydroxide is generated by the current produced by the battery (usually at the anode). Perforation has occurred as rapidly as seis hours after ingestion.[77]
Lithium-ion: Li-ion batteries are commonly used in portable electronics and electric vehicles—but they also represent about 97 percent of the grid energy storage market.
Secondary cells are made in very large sizes; very large batteries can power a submarine or stabilize an electrical grid and help level out peak loads.
Almost any liquid or moist object that has enough ions to be electrically conductive can serve as the electrolyte for a cell.